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Quebec City, Quebec

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Quebec City


Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (pronounced [kʰwəˈbɛk] or [kʰəˈbɛk]) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the second largest city in the province, after Montreal. Quebec City's Old Town (Vieux-Québec) is the only North American fortified city north of Mexico whose walls still exist, and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Quebec". It is also one of the oldest cities in North America (founded in 1608). The city has a population of 528,595, and the metropolitan area has a population of 717,600 (2005).

Quebec City is internationally known for its Winter Carnival and the Château Frontenac, a historic hotel which dominates the city skyline. The chief of Parliament, the National Assembly of Quebec (provincial parliament), the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Musée de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec.

Among the tourist attractions near the city are Montmorency Falls and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré in the town of Beaupré.


 History

 Etymology

The narrow width of the river as it enters the towns of Quebec and Lévis, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec being the Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows".

 Early history: from Stadacona to Seven Years War

Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. While many of the major cities in Mexico date from the sixteenth century, among cities in the U.S. and Canada only St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Port Royal, Nova Scotia, St. Augustine, Florida, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Tadoussac, Quebec were created earlier than Quebec. However Quebec City is the first to have been founded with the goal of receiving permanent settlement, and not as a commercial outpost, and therefore is considered to be the first European-built city in non-Spanish North America.

Québec was founded by Samuel de Champlain on 3 July 1608 at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement called Stadacona. It was to this settlement that the name "Canada" refers. Although called the cradle of the Francophone population in North America, the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal antedates it. The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.

Before Champlain, French explorer Jacques Cartier built a fort at the site in 1535, where he stayed for the winter before going back to France in spring 1536. He came back in 1541 with the goal of building a permanent settlement. This first settlement was abandoned less than one year after its foundation, in the summer 1542, due in large part to the hostility of the natives combined with the harsh living conditions during winter.

At the end of French rule in 1763, the territory of present-day Quebec City was a world of contrasts. Forests, villages, fields and pastures surrounded the town of 8 000 inhabitants. The town distinguished itself by its monumental architecture, fortifications, muddy and filthy streets, affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs St-Jean and St-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec City remained a small colonial city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets.

Quebec City was captured by the British in 1759 and held until 1763. It was the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War, in which British troops under General James Wolfe defeated the French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and took the city. France later ceded New France to Britain.

 British rule

During the American Revolution, revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in a futile attempt to liberate Quebec City now known as the Battle of Quebec. The defeat of the revolutionaries from the south put an end to the hopes that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the Revolution. Major General Isaac Brock fortified Quebec City by strengthening the walls and building an elevated artillery battery before the War of 1812.

In 1840, after the Province of Canada was formed, the capital was shared between Kingston, Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa and Quebec City (from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866). In 1867, Ottawa (which was chosen to be the permanent capital of the Province of Canada) was chosen to be the capital of the Dominion of Canada. The Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation was held here.

 20th and 21st centuries

In World War II, two conferences were held in Quebec City. The first one was held in 1943 with Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the United States' president), Winston Churchill (the United Kingdom's prime minister), William Lyon Mackenzie King (Canada's prime minister) and T.V. Soong (China's minister of foreign affairs). The second one was held in 1944, and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and of nearby Château Frontenac. A large part of the D-Day Landings plans were made during those meetings.
 Capital

Throughout its nearly four hundred years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital:

* from 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was capital of French Canada and all of New France,
* from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the Province of Quebec,
* from 1791 to 1841, it was the capital of the Province of Lower Canada,
* from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866, it was capital of the Province of Canada,
* from 1867 to today, it has been capital of the Province of Quebec.

It is also the principal city of the Agglomeration of Quebec City, the Greater Quebec City Area, the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, and the Quebec City Area.

 Nomenclature in Canada's official languages

The proper name of the city is Québec (with an acute accent), in both official languages of Canada (English and French). This name is used by both the federal and provincial governments. The acute accent differentiates between the official English name of the city, Québec, and the constitutional English name of the province, Quebec.

In unofficial English texts, it is not uncommon for the accent to be dropped and for Québec to be informally referred to as "Quebec City". In French, names of geographical regions such as provinces and countries are typically preceded by articles whereas city names are not (unless it is part of the name, such as "La Malbaie"). As a result, the province is called le Québec ("in Quebec" = au Québec, "from Quebec" = du Québec) while the city remains simply Québec ("in Québec City" = à Québec, "from Québec City" = de Québec). Where context requires further differentiation, words such as "la ville de Québec" and "la province de Québec" can be used (taking care not to capitalize the word "ville").

The name of the municipal corporate body instituted to govern Québec is Ville de Québec, in both English and French.[1] This naming convention applies to all municipal corporations in the province (e.g. Ville de Montréal is the corporate body governing Montréal, etc.) Thus, where "Ville de ..." is capitalized, it means the corporate body and it is not part of the toponym (Montréal, Québec). In the English section of Ville de Québec's official website, the city is variously referred to as "Québec" and "Québec City" (with an accent) whereas the corporate body is referred to as "City of Québec".

Residents of Québec are called, in French, Québécois (male) or Québécoise (female). To avoid confusion with Québécois/e meaning an inhabitant of the province, the term Québécois/e de Québec for residents of the city is sometimes used. In English, the terms Quebecer (or Quebecker) and Québécois/e are common.

Also, Quebec City is sometimes referred to as "la capitale nationale" ("the national capital"). The government officially named it this way under the Union Nationale party. The provincial administrative region where the city is situated bears the name Capitale-Nationale (capitalized). The word national is the adjective for the noun nation used in its normal basic sense and refers to Quebec as a nation within the country of Canada, and has no indication of sovereignty[1].

 Geography and climate

Quebec City is located in the Saint Lawrence River valley, on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence Seaway near its meeting with the St. Charles River. The region is low-lying and flat. The river valley has rich, arable soil, which makes this region the most fertile in the province. The Laurentian Mountains lie to the north of the city.

Upper Town lies on the top of Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond) promontory. A high stone wall surrounds this portion of the city. The Plains of Abraham are located near the edge of the promontory. Lower Town is located at shore level, below Cap-Diamant.

 Climate

Quebec City has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfb)characterized by cold and snowy winters, warm and rather humid summers, and ample precipitation throughout the year. Quebec City is one of the snowiest cities in Canada and is almost virtually guaranteed a white Christmas. The prolonged winter season and ample snowfall led to the idea of establishing the Quebec Winter Carnival. The transitional seasons, spring and autumn, are rather short, although autumn produces spectacular foliage colors. The summer is the sunniest, and paradoxically, the wettest time of year.

 Cityscape

 Municipal public administration

Further information: Quebec City Council

Old Quebec, the walled city.

 City Council

The Mayor of Quebec City is Jacques Joli-Coeur, from the Renouveau municipal de Québec party (succeeding to Andrée P. Boucher, an independent, who died on August 24th 2007). The leader of the Renouveau municipal de Québec party and leader of the city council's majority is councillor Ann Bourget.
Party Initial Chief Governorship Opposition Seats
Renouveau municipal de Québec R.M.Q. Ann Bourget 1989 - 2005 2005 - 2007 24
Action civique de Québec A.C.Q. Pierre-Michel Bouchard N/A N/A 6
Parti Vision Québec V.Q. Marc Bellemare N/A N/A 1
Option Capitale O.C. Pierre Coté N/A N/A 0
Independent Ind. X X X 6
Vacant X X X X 0
Total 37

 The city today

Quebec City has thirty-four districts in eight boroughs.
Borough Districts
La Cité Latin/Old Quebec · Quartier gai · Saint-Jean-Baptiste · Montcalm · Saint-Sacrement · Petit Champlain · Saint-Sauveur · Saint-Roch · Saint-Malo
Les Rivières Lebourgneuf, Duberger, Les Saules and Vanier
Sainte-Foy—Sillery Cité universitaire · Saint-Louis · Sillery · Pointe-de-Ste-Foy
Charlesbourg Saint-Rodrigue · Des Sentiers · Des Monts
Beauport Vieux-Moulin · Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux · Villeneuve · Courville
Limoilou Maizerets · Vieux-Limoilou · Lairet · Du Colisée
La Haute-Saint-Charles Lac-Saint-Charles, Saint-Émile, Neufchâtel and Loretteville
Laurentien Val-Bélair, Cap-Rouge
*These neighbourhoods are not legally separate.

The Lower Town is filled with original architecture and street designs, dating back to the city's beginnings. Murals and statues are also featured. The Lower Town is also noted for its wide variety of boutiques, many featuring hand-crafted goods.

 Economy

 Demographics

According to the last (May 2001) census, there were 682,757 people residing in Quebec City, of whom 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4.7% of the resident population of Quebec City. This compares with 5.2% in the province of Quebec, and 5.6% for Canada overall.

While Montreal is considered by many to be a bilingual city, with many of its residents having a working knowledge of both French and English, Quebec City and its surrounding region is largely Francophone. The large majority of city residents are native French-speakers.

In mid-2001, 13.0% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.2% in Canada. The average age is 39.5 years of age compared to 37.6 years of age for Canada as a whole.

In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Quebec City grew by 1.6%, compared with an increase of 1.4% for the province of Quebec as a whole. Population density of Quebec City averaged 216.4 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 5.3, for the province of Quebec as a whole.

At the time of that May 2001 census, the population of the Quebec City authority was 682,757, but was 710,700 when encompassing the Greater Quebec City Area, compared with a resident population in the province of Quebec of 7,237,479 people.

According to the 2001 census, over 90% of the population was Roman Catholic, along with small Jewish and Protestant populations.
1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2006
131 000 151 000 289 000 379 000 481 000 576 000 646 000 683 000 720 000

 Transportation

Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport, located in the West of the city.[2]

The city also has a large major port on the St-Lawrence in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs.[3]

 Roads

Three bridges, the Quebec Bridge and Pierre Laporte Bridge connect the city with the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, as does a ferry service to Lévis, and Orleans Island Bridge connects Quebec City with the Orleans Island. The city is a major hub in the Quebec provincial road network, fanning out from both sides of the river with an extensive autoroute system.

Several important motorways of the Quebec road network pass by Quebec City, of which Autoroute 40 connects it towards the west to Montreal and Route 175 connects it towards the north to Chicoutimi.

Three principal expressways cross the agglomeration from the north to the south (starting from the west): Autoroute Henri-IV, Autoroute Robert-Bourassa , and Autoroute Laurentienne. Three other motorways cross the western part of town (from north to south): Autoroute Félix Leclerc (known by the inhabitants as "Autoroute de la Capitale"), Autoroute Charest, as well as Champlain Boulevard, which goes along the river to the Downtown area, then another Autoroute called Dufferin-Montmorency allows easier access to the extreme east of the city.

 Public Transit

The Réseau de transport de la Capitale is responsible for public transit in the region. The RTC operates a fleet of buses and will eventually implement articulated buses. Despite opposition from citizens and City Hall, the RTC is studying the return of a tram system to the city to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. The $700-million revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own.

Rail transport is operated by VIA Rail at the (Gare du Palais). The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station.

 Public safety

Quebec City is protected by Service de police de la Ville de Québec and Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec.

 Attractions

Many of the city's attractions are east of the fortification walls in Vieux-Québec (Old Quebec) and Place Royale (Royal Place). This area has a distinct European feel unique in North America with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte St-Louis (St. Louis Gate) and Porte St-Jean (St. Jean Gate) are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown. West of the walls are the Colline-Parlementaire (Parliament Hill) district and the Plaines d'Abraham (Plains of Abraham).

Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive Château Frontenac Hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. The hotel is beside the Terrasse Dufferin (Dufferin Terrace), a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence River.

Near the Château Frontenac is Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral, mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec. It is the first church in the New World to be raised to a basilica and is the primatial church of Canada.

The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby Plains of Abraham, site of the battle in which the British took Quebec from France, and the Citadelle of Quebec, a Canadian Forces installation and the federal vice-regal secondary residence. The National Assembly, Quebec's provincial legislature, is also near the Citadelle.

The Haute-Ville (Upper Town) is linked by the Escalier «casse-cou» (literally "neck-breaker" steps) and the Old Quebec Funicular to the Basse-Ville (Lower Town), which includes such sites as the ancient Notre Dame des Victoires church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Musée de la Civilisation (Museum of Civilization). Université Laval is located in the western end of the city, in the borough of Sainte-Foy. However, the school of architecture of Université Laval is located in Old Quebec. The central campus of the Université du Québec, originally in Sainte-Foy, is also, since the amalgamation, located in Quebec City. Canon balls are placed beside "Château Frontenac."

Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival and for its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations.

Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include Montmorency Falls and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.

 Museums

* Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
* Musée de la civilisation
* Musée de l'Amérique française
* Espace Félix Leclerc
* Musée naval de Québec
* Choco-Musée Erico
* Musée des Ursulines de Québec
* Musée du Royal 22e Régiment/La Citadelle de Québec
* Musée Québec Expérience
* Musée de l'Abeille
* Plains of Abraham Exhibition Center

 Festivals and events

 Contest

* Concours de musique du Canada (Le) Web site in French only was established in Quebec and caters to young Canadian musicians under 25 (under 30 for singers) aspiring to compete at the international level in various disciplines.

 Autumn (September & October)

* Envol et macadam Web site in French only is both a contest and a festival of alternative music held annually in September. It is devoted to the latest musical trends (Punk, Hip-hop, Techno, Rock'n'Roll) and features indoor and outdoor shows.
* Fête du quartier Saint-Sauveur is celebrated annually in September in the First District.
* Festival des journées d'Afrique, Danses et Rythmes du monde Web site in French only is held September, featuring African and Latin American shows.
* Fête Arc-en-ciel Web site in French only is a gay and lesbian festival held in September.
* Quebec City Celtic Festival Web site is a celebration of Scottish, Irish and Breton roots including shows, workshops and conferences. It is held in early September.
* Journées de la Culture (Les) Web site offers free cultural events in September
* Québec Ateliers Ouverts Web site in French only, held every two years in September. Professional artists and craftsmen open their workshops to the general public to showcase their works and techniques.

 Winter (November to March)

* Carnaval de Québec (Le) Website is the biggest winter carnival in the world, held over two weeks in February.
* Coup de cœur Francophone (Le) Web site in French only is a festival of Francophone music held in November each year in 8 Canadian cities. In Quebec City, the event is held over 10 days in small venues.
* Festival des musiques sacrées de Québec (Le) Web site in French only is held in November and features sacred music from various nations and time periods.
* Parade des jouets (La) Web site in French only is an interactive parade of mascots and floats held in November by city firefighters to collect toys and gifts for local underprivileged children.
* Mois Multi (Le) Web site in French only features electronic and multidisciplinary art expositions, held annually in February.
* Quebec Celebrates Christmas Web site is held in December and January, features activities and exhibits throughout Quebec City.

 Spring (April & May)

* Festival de cinéma des 3 Amériques (Le) Web site in French only is held over 5 days in March/April featuring independent films from the Americas.
* Carrefour international de théâtre de Québec (even years) and the Théâtres d'ailleurs Festival (odd years) Web site are held in May or June.
* Festival de la gastronomie du Québec - Coupe des Nations (Le) Web site in French only, held in April, features competitions in culinary arts and wine making.
* Salon International du Livre de Québec (Le) Web site in French only takes place in April and features French literature and comic strips from Québec.

 Summer (June to August)

* Birthday Of Quebec City Web site give place to family festivals of district in the districts of the city on July 3 of each year. Major demonstrations will take place all summer in 2008 to mark the 400th anniversary of the founding of the city.
* Fetes de la Nouvelle France is a celebration in early August held in remembrance of the early French colonial times.
* Plein art is an arts/crafts exhibition.
* Fete Internationale de Musiques Militaires is a celebration of military music which is held in late August.

 First borough (La Cité)

* Grand Rire (Le) Web site in French only is a festival of humour, who takes place over 10 days in June. Spectacles in sport and official receptions in room introduce humorists of Québec city and elsewhere, beginners or confirmed.
* Fête nationale des Québécois et des Québécoises is celebrated by various activities including one large outside spectacle in the evening of June 23 on the Plains of Abraham.
* Fête du Canada (La) Web site is celebrated on June 30th and July 1st at various locations in Old Québec, by spectacles and activities and free admission to the national historic sites of the city.
* Festival d'été de Québec (Le) Web site is a major event which annually presents during two weeks in July a great number of musical spectacles (popular, French-speaking person and English-speaking, music of the world, classical music) for the majority in sport and of many services in arts of the street at various places in the old capital as well as interior spectacles in various rooms of the capital.
* Fête du Faubourg (La) is a street fair which takes place in the Saint-Jean-Baptist district in the first borough (La Cité) on a weekend beginning July, annually.
* Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France (Les) Web site is a week-long major event in August various activities, allowing the reliving of 17th century times, the time of Nouvelle France, in Old Québec and the Royal Place (processions, spectacles, animations, demonstrations of the everyday life of the time, market in sport of Nouvelle-France, dressed up observers and citizens, etc.).

 Natural science sites

* Jardin zoologique du Québec, reopened in 2002 after two years of restorations but closed in 2006 after a political decision. It was presenting to the public 750 specimens of 300 different species. The zoo was specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also presented several species of mammals. While it emphasizes the indigenous fauna of Québec, one of its principal attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from these areas.
* Parc Aquarium du Québec, reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the St. Lawrence River, presents more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic fauna of North America and the Arctic. Polar bears and various species of seals of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, form part of the principal attractions. Website : http://www.spsnq.qc.ca/

 Post-secondary education

University level

* Université Laval
* Université du Québec (Headquarters of the network)
* École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP)
* Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)
* Télé-université (TELUQ) - a component of UQAM



College level

* Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau
* Cégep O'Sullivan
* Cégep Limoilou
o Campus of 6th borough (Registered office)
o Campus of 4th borough
o Campus of the "Maison des métiers d'art de Québec"
* Cégep de Sainte-Foy
* Collège Notre-Dame-de-Foy
* Collège Mérici
* Collège Bart
* Collège CDI
* Collège Multihexa
* Champlain-St. Lawrence College (English-speaking Cégep)
* Lianna Warburton College

 Sports

 Sports teams

* Quebec City Kebekwa of the American Basketball Association
* Québec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
* Québec Radio X of the Ligue nord-américaine de hockey
* Québec Capitales of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball
* Laval University Rouge-et-Or of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport men's football
* Québec City Monarks of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
* Québec City Rebelles of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
* FC Quebec of the Canadian Soccer League

 Former teams

* Québec Bulldogs of the National Hockey League
* Québec Nordiques of the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association
* Québec Aces of the American Hockey League
* Québec Citadelles of the American Hockey League
* Québec Rafales of the International Hockey League
* Québec Caribous of the National Lacrosse League (1974-75)
* Québec Carnavales of baseball's Eastern League

 Sports events

* Challenge Bell, a women's WTA tennis tournament.
* Quebec City International Pee-Wee Tournament, a major minor hockey tournament.

The Québec Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and then in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the Montreal Canadiens. Due to financial problems, the team moved to Denver, Colorado in 1995, becoming Colorado Avalanche. There has been discussion of bringing a team back to the city, but mayor Andrée Boucher has not supported the project. It is generally expected that Quebec City will need to build a new arena to get a new team, replacing the Colisée Pepsi, as well as organizing an ownership group.

There have been discussions around getting a Canadian Football League team. Quebec City is expected to be in competition with Moncton and Halifax for the franchise, though a new stadium would likely be needed as well. The local football team, the Rouge & Or of the Université Laval remains very popular.

Quebec City has been appointed, together with Halifax, Nova Scotia, organizer of the 2008 International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships —the IIHF World Championships were last held in North America in 1962, by Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Quebec City will be host of the Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games, held from February 26 to March 1, 2008. This event will bring together over 1,000 athletes, coaches and mission staff members from Canada’s 10 provinces and 2 territories as well as more than 600 volunteers. Competitions will be held throughout the week in the following sports: curling, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing , downhill skiing, floor hockey, figure skating and speed skating. The snowsoeing and cross-country events are to be held on the Plains of Abraham, one of Canada's most historic sites. The athletes selected for the Games will strive for a place in Team Canada’s training group at the 2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games.

 Media

Radio

* 800 AM - CHRC, French news/talk
* 88.3 FM - CKIA, community
* 89.1 FM - CKRL, community
* 90.9 FM - CION, Christian religious programming
* 91.9 FM - CJEC, Rythme FM hot adult contemporary
* 93.3 FM - CJMF, active rock
* 94.3 FM - CHYZ, Laval University campus radio
* 95.3 FM - CBVX, Espace musique
* 98.1 FM - CHOI, modern rock
* 98.9 FM - CHIK, contemporary hit radio
* 103.7 FM - CIMI, modern rock
* 104.7 FM - CBVE, CBC Radio One
* 106.3 FM - CBV, La Première Chaîne
* 107.5 FM - CITF, RockDétente adult contemporary

Internet Radio

* Radio Pirate - French, Jeff Fillion Talk



Television

* Channel 2 - CFAP, TQS
* Channel 4 - CFCM, TVA
* Channel 5 - CBVE, CBC
* Channel 9 - CHMG, Télé-Mag
* Channel 11 - CBVT, SRC
* Channel 15 - CIVQ, Télé-Québec
* Channel 20 - CKMI, Global

Print
Quebec City's main newspapers are the broadsheets Le Soleil and Voir and the tabloid Le Journal de Québec. The Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, a weekly English community paper, is also published. It claims to be North America's oldest newspaper, in existence since 1764.

 Famous Quebec City natives and residents


* Astronauts : Marc Garneau
* Writers : Jacques Poulin, Anne Hébert, Gabrielle Roy, Jean Lemieux, Yves Thériault, Roland Michel Tremblay.
* Painters : Paul-Henri DuBerger.
* Musicians and singers : Steve Barakatt, Richard Verreau, Bruno Pelletier, Gilles Vigneault, Félix Leclerc, Alys Robi.
* Politicians : Stéphane Dion, Jean Lesage, Pauline Marois, Louis-Alexandre Taschereau.
* Theatre : Robert Lepage, Jacques Leblanc, Marie Gignac.
* Humourists/Comedians : André-Philippe Gagnon, Mike Ward, Norm MacDonald, François Pérusse, Terry Mosher.
* Actors : Céline Bonnier, Glenn Ford.
* Television/Radio Personalities: André Arthur, Jeff Fillion, Richard Garneau.
* Athletes : Jessica Dubé, Sylvie Bernier, Elena Grosheva, Martin St. Louis, Joe Malone, Myriam Bédard, Patrick Roy, Manon Rhéaume, Mélanie Turgeon, Gaétan Boucher, Rick Martel, Simon Gagné, Yan Stastny, Paul Stastny, Patrice Bergeron, Francis Bouillon, Kevin Dineen, Marty Barry

 Sister cities

*  the United States Albany, United States
*  France Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France (since 1962)
*  Canada Calgary, Alberta, Canada (since 1956)
*  France Cannes, France
*  the People's Republic of China Changchun, China
*  Romania Iaşi, Romania
*  Mexico Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico (since 2002)
*  Vietnam Huế, Vietnam (since 2005)
*  Belgium Liège, Belgium (since 2002)
*  Uruguay Montevideo, Uruguay (since 2000)
*  Belgium Namur, Belgium (since 1999)
*  Burkina Faso Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (since 2000)
*  France Paris, France (since 2003)
*  Tunisia Sousse, Tunisia (since 2004) [2]
*  Russia St. Petersburg, Russia (since 2002)
*  the People's Republic of China Xi'an, China (since 2001)

 References

1. ^ House passes motion recognizing Québécois as nation. CBC.ca. Retrieved on 2007-03-24.
2. ^ Quebec city's Jean Lesage International Airport official website
3. ^ Port of Quebec. Retrieved on 2007-08-12.

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Quebec City, Quebec

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